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- <text id=94TT0587>
- <link 94XP0551>
- <link 94TO0160>
- <title>
- May 09, 1994: South Africa:Fight for White Rights
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- May 09, 1994 Nelson Mandela
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- COVER STORIES, Page 34
- The Ugly Fight for White Rights
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> "We are Boer people! We are fighters!" thundered Eugene Terreblanche,
- leader of the Afrikaner Resistance Movement (A.W.B.), the bastion
- of white supremacists unwilling to accept South Africa's changing
- destiny. "I think there will be more explosions and more actions
- if the government ignores the just claim of my people who demand
- some land." The fiery rhetoric inspired some of the 300 khaki-clad
- men and pistol-packing women to rough up and then oust a black
- American reporter attending the otherwise desultory rally. The
- motive behind all the violence: a whites-only homeland.
- </p>
- <p> The election-eve bombings are more likely to signal the last
- gasp of a weak, splintered racist Afrikaner minority than the
- start of the long-threatened great Boer revolt. Three of the
- 32 arrested are close to Terreblanche, including leaders of
- his personal bodyguard unit, the elite Iron Guard. The long,
- resolute march of democracy has caused deepening divisions within
- the white right. "The bombing campaign," says Wim Booyse, a
- political consultant in Pretoria, amounts to "a struggle for
- control of the heart of the right wing."
- </p>
- <p> The fortunes of apartheid-forever whites have been declining
- steadily since the all-white referendum on reform in 1992, when
- moderates gave President F.W. de Klerk's National Party a landslide
- victory over the diehards led by the Conservative Party. Since
- then the number of active right-wing organizations has declined
- from 186 to 20.
- </p>
- <p> Although the A.W.B., the most militant of the groups, claims
- 65,000 members, analysts say there are no more than 15,000,
- fewer than 5,000 of whom are violent activists. Most members
- are working-class or poor whites struggling as crop farmers
- and factory workers to make ends meet--the Afrikaners who
- feel most threatened by black equality in the workplace.
- </p>
- <p> The election drove a wedge between Terreblanche and his political
- ally, Afrikaner Volksfront leader Ferdinand Hartzenberg, and
- the supporters of former South African Defense Force chief Constand
- Viljoen. All three men want an Afrikaner state, or volkstaat,
- but Terreblanche and Hartzenberg believe it can be achieved
- only by the gun. Viljoen thinks he can persuade the government
- to grant Afrikaners their own piece of the country. In March
- he formed the Freedom Front Party and registered to participate
- in the elections. If he wins support, as expected, from more
- than half the estimated 1 million conservative white voters,
- it will prove that a majority support peaceful rather than violent
- moves to win their political and cultural goals.
- </p>
- <p> Viljoen was wooed away from the hard-liners with a promise from
- the African National Congress that a volkstaat council would
- be set up in the new government to explore the possibility of
- an Afrikaner homeland. The A.N.C. has largely defused the right-wing
- threat, placating many frightened whites by accepting a mandatory
- government of national unity for five years and guaranteeing
- jobs and pensions for more than 200,000 civil servants, policemen
- and soldiers.
- </p>
- <p> The bombs that went off in Johannesburg, however, are proof
- that a few hate-filled racist groups are capable of carrying
- out sabotage and murder for the foreseeable future. The A.W.B.-aligned
- Volksfront is planning acts of civil disobedience aimed at provoking
- confrontations with government security forces. Many South Africans
- may think it fitting if the A.N.C. chooses to use some of the
- same methods to crack down on the right that the apartheid government
- used against its freedom fighters for the past 46 years.
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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